网络安全审计工具Nmap如何使用，针对这个问题，这篇文章详细介绍了相对应的分析和解答，希望可以帮助更多想解决这个问题的小伙伴找到更简单易行的方法。

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一.软件下载

https://nmap.org/download.html

二.扫描IP

nmap 192.168.1.10                       #扫描单IP

nmap 192.168.1.10-100                #扫描IP段

nmap 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.11   #扫描单独的多IP

nmap 192.168.1.1/24                    #扫描整个网段

nmap  -iL  list.txt                          #根据文件列表扫描

#list.txt

192.168.1.20

192.168.1.21  

nmap -iR 3                                   # 随机扫描3个IP

nmap 192.168.1.10-100 --exclude 192.168.1.20      #排除指定IP 

nmap 192.168.1.1/24 --excludefile list.txt          #从文件中取出排除IP

nmap -A 192.168.1.10       #-Ａ将绝大多数有用的扫描命令集成在一起   

－ｏ　用来识别远程操作系统 

－ｓＣ　用来运行默认的脚本扫描

-Pn         #Ping No不用ping 扫描

-sP          #simple Ping 简单嗅探一个网络里面的在线主机

-PS          #用ping 进行扫描  

-PU         #嗅控UDP

-p            # 0-65535  #指定端口

-PA         # ACK协议

-PY          #CTP协议

-PE         #不带参数默认的方式  ICMP

-PP         #ICMP时间戳嗅控命令，用来嗅探被防火墙保护的目标

-PO1，2，3      #选择不同协议扫描1是ICMP  2 IGMP  4 IP

 --traceroute IP      #路由过程

-R     #DNS反向查的

nmap --system-dns 192.168.1.10   #使用主机系统各DNS自己的解析器

nmap --dns-servers 202.103.24.68 192.168.1.10    #指定DNS服务器

nmap -sL 192.168.1/24        #快速得到主机列表

-sS      #TCP SYN 扫描

-sT      #

Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org )

Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}

TARGET SPECIFICATION:

  Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.

  Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254

  -iL : Input from list of hosts/networks

  -iR : Choose random targets

  --exclude : Exclude hosts/networks

  --excludefile : Exclude list from file

HOST DISCOVERY:

  -sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan

  -sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan

  -Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery

  -PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports

  -PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes

  -PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping

  -n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes]

  --dns-servers : Specify custom DNS servers

  --system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver

  --traceroute: Trace hop path to each host

SCAN TECHNIQUES:

  -sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans

  -sU: UDP Scan

  -sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans

  --scanflags : Customize TCP scan flags

  -sI : Idle scan

  -sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans

  -sO: IP protocol scan   开通协议扫描

  -b : FTP bounce scan

PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:

  -p : Only scan specified ports 指定扫描的端口

    Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9

  --exclude-ports : Exclude the specified ports from scanning

  -F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan 快速扫描1000多个常用端口

  -r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize

  --top-ports : Scan most common ports

  --port-ratio : Scan ports more common than

SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:

  -sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info

  --version-intensity : Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)

  --version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)

  --version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)

  --version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)

SCRIPT SCAN:

  -sC: equivalent to --script=default

  --script=: is a comma separated list of

           directories, script-files or script-categories

  --script-args=: provide arguments to scripts

  --script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file

  --script-trace: Show all data sent and received

  --script-updatedb: Update the script database.

  --script-help=: Show help about scripts.

            is a comma-separated list of script-files or

           script-categories.

OS DETECTION:

  -O: Enable OS detection

  --osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets

  --osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively

TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:

  Options which take are in seconds, or append 'ms' (milliseconds),

  's' (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).

  -T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster)

  --min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup : Parallel host scan group sizes

  --min-parallelism/max-parallelism : Probe parallelization

  --min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout : Specifies

      probe round trip time.

  --max-retries : Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.

  --host-timeout : Give up on target after this long

  --scan-delay/--max-scan-delay : Adjust delay between probes

  --min-rate : Send packets no slower than per second

  --max-rate : Send packets no faster than per second

FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:

  -f; --mtu : fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)

  -D : Cloak a scan with decoys

  -S : Spoof source address

  -e : Use specified interface

  -g/--source-port : Use given port number

  --proxies : Relay connections through HTTP/SOCKS4 proxies

  --data : Append a custom payload to sent packets

  --data-string : Append a custom ASCII string to sent packets

  --data-length : Append random data to sent packets

  --ip-options : Send packets with specified ip options

  --ttl : Set IP time-to-live field

  --spoof-mac : Spoof your MAC address

  --badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum

OUTPUT:

  -oN/-oX/-oS/-oG : Output scan in normal, XML, s|

     and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.

  -oA : Output in the three major formats at once

  -v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)

  -d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)

  --reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state

  --open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports

  --packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received

  --iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)

  --append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files

  --resume : Resume an aborted scan

  --stylesheet : XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML

  --webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML

  --no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output

MISC:

  -6: Enable IPv6 scanning

  -A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute

  --datadir : Specify custom Nmap data file location

  --send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets  隐藏IP

  --privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged

  --unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges

  -V: Print version number

  -h: Print this help summary page.

EXAMPLES:

  nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org

  nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8

  nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80

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