从事IT方面的工作，无论是开发或运维，当测试某些系统服务端口时，总会遇到TCP或 UDP 两种协议。众所周知，TCP 服务端口，可以通过telnet 进行远程测试，而UDP 端口，一般来说都会使用Nmap，无论是在linux 还是 windows环境下。

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在windows 下的Nmap软件有图形界面也有命令行模式，但大多数人使用熟练的人，更偏向于命令行模式，因为操作简便而快速。

下载地址：

https://nmap.org/download.html

在windows上安装完毕后，直接运行打开图形界面

如何使用命令模式？

1、直接cmd，cd到安装目录下，执行nmap命令

2、修改环境变量，这样随时可执行nmap

在我的电脑-属性-高级-环境变量environment variables-system variables-path

path路径修改：添加完整的安装目录路径，前后用分号隔开。

%SystemRoot%\system32;%SystemRoot%;%SystemRoot%\System32\Wbem;%SYSTEMROOT%\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;E:\software\BIND9.11.1.x64;C:\Program Files (x86)\Nmap;

测试命令行扫描udp端口

打开xshell或cmd

扫描DNS 114.114.114.114 的udp 53端口，结果是端口state 为 closed

扫描dns 8.8.8.8 的udp 53端口，结果是端口state为up

当然也可以扫描站点的tcp端口

在命令行下，直接输入 nmap ，可查看具体命令使用说明

[c:\~]$ nmap  
Nmap 6.46 ( http://nmap.org )    
Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}    
TARGET SPECIFICATION:    
  Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.    
  Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254    
  -iL : Input from list of hosts/networks    
  -iR : Choose random targets    
  --exclude : Exclude hosts/networks    
  --excludefile : Exclude list from file    
HOST DISCOVERY:    
  -sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan    
  -sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan    
  -Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery    
  -PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports    
  -PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes    
  -PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping    
  -n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes]    
  --dns-servers : Specify custom DNS servers    
  --system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver    
  --traceroute: Trace hop path to each host    
SCAN TECHNIQUES:    
  -sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans    
  -sU: UDP Scan    
  -sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans    
  --scanflags : Customize TCP scan flags    
  -sI : Idle scan    
  -sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans    
  -sO: IP protocol scan    
  -b : FTP bounce scan    
PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:    
  -p : Only scan specified ports    
    Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9    
  -F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan    
  -r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize    
  --top-ports : Scan most common ports    
  --port-ratio : Scan ports more common than    
SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:    
  -sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info    
  --version-intensity : Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)    
  --version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)    
  --version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)    
  --version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)    
SCRIPT SCAN:    
  -sC: equivalent to --script=default    
  --script=: is a comma separated list of    
           directories, script-files or script-categories    
  --script-args=: provide arguments to scripts    
  --script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file    
  --script-trace: Show all data sent and received    
  --script-updatedb: Update the script database.    
  --script-help=: Show help about scripts.    
           < Lua scripts> is a comma-separated list of script-files or    
           script-categories.    
OS DETECTION:    
  -O: Enable OS detection    
  --osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets    
  --osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively    
TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:    
  Options which take are in seconds, or append 'ms' (milliseconds),    
  's' (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).    
  -T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster)    
  --min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup : Parallel host scan group sizes    
  --min-parallelism/max-parallelism : Probe parallelization    
  --min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout : Specifies    
      probe round trip time.    
  --max-retries : Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.    
  --host-timeout : Give up on target after this long    
  --scan-delay/--max-scan-delay : Adjust delay between probes    
  --min-rate : Send packets no slower than per second    
  --max-rate : Send packets no faster than per second    
FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:    
  -f; --mtu : fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)    
  -D : Cloak a scan with decoys    
  -S : Spoof source address    
  -e : Use specified interface    
  -g/--source-port : Use given port number    
  --proxies : Relay connections through HTTP/SOCKS4 proxies    
  --data-length : Append random data to sent packets    
  --ip-options : Send packets with specified ip options    
  --ttl : Set IP time-to-live field    
  --spoof-mac : Spoof your MAC address    
  --badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum    
OUTPUT:    
  -oN/-oX/-oS/-oG : Output scan in normal, XML, s|     and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.    
  -oA : Output in the three major formats at once    
  -v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)    
  -d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)    
  --reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state    
  --open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports    
  --packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received    
  --iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)    
  --log-errors: Log errors/warnings to the normal-format output file    
  --append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files    
  --resume : Resume an aborted scan    
  --stylesheet : XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML    
  --webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML    
  --no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output    
MISC:    
  -6: Enable IPv6 scanning    
  -A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute    
  --datadir : Specify custom Nmap data file location    
  --send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets    
  --privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged    
  --unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges    
  -V: Print version number    
  -h: Print this help summary page.    
EXAMPLES:    
  nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org    
  nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8    
  nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80    
SEE THE MAN PAGE (http://nmap.org/book/man.html) FOR MORE OPTIONS AND EXAMPLES

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