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1. 先检查数据库当前版本：SELECT * FROM v$version;
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2. 使用RMAN或exp 进行全库备份
这一步非常非常重要，因升级到数据部分时，虚拟机没空间了，导致VM崩溃，升级失败.orcl库也挂了，不得不从另一台Oracle上创建了一个Orcl,然后，冷备迁移过来，才得以重新升级。
下载12c的安装包，如果是linux环境，运行./runinstaller，如果是windows环境，运行setup.exe程序。安装选项选择升级现有的数据库，需要注意的是，保证11g的小版本达到11.2.0.4或以上
12c引入了多租户的概念，即一个实例可有多个数据库。但是通过11g升级上来的数据库依然是一个NON-CDB的数据库。
简单点就把心版本装好，然后将旧版本卸载即可。主要设置好环境变量即可。
ORACLE10G 10.2.0.1升级到10.2.0.5 2014-06-06 17:23:17
OS: linux redhat 4 U8 64bit
DB: oracle 10.2.0.1
升级：oracle 10.2.0.5
对当前环境的查询
查看磁盘空间使用情况
[root@dongyang ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 18G 11G 6.2G 64% /
/dev/sda1 988M 42M 896M 5% /boot
tmpfs 1002M 0 1002M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1 12G 2.3G 9.0G 21% /u01
[root@dongyang ~]#
查看操作系统版本
[root@dongyang ~]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 2.6.32-200.13.1.el5uek (mockbuild@ca-build9.us.oracle.com) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-50)) #1 SMP Wed Jul 27 21:02:33 EDT 2011
[root@dongyang ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-200.13.1.el5uek
[root@dongyang ~]#
查看当前数据库版本
SQL select * from v$version;
select * from v$version;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bi
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 10.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
SQL
查看oracle用户环境变量
[oracle@dongyang ~]$ cat .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
alias uni="uniread sqlplus"
export PATH
unset USERNAME
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export ORACLE_SID=fengzi
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
export NLS_DATA_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
export NLS_DATA_LANGUAGE="AMERICAN"
export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:0.0
要先对数据库进行冷备与软件备份
备份数据库软件（磁盘空间足够）
[root@dongyang ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 18G 11G 6.2G 64% /
/dev/sda1 988M 42M 896M 5% /boot
tmpfs 1002M 0 1002M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1 12G 2.3G 9.0G 21% /u01
[root@dongyang ~]#
[root@dongyang ~]# mkdir /u02
[root@dongyang ~]# cd /u01
[root@dongyang u01]# cp -r * /u02
关闭当前数据库
[oracle@dongyang ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
fengzi
[oracle@dongyang ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jun 5 13:46:04 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL
登录RMAN 启动数据库到mount状态
[oracle@dongyang ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jun 5 13:48:42 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
RMANstartup mount
database is already started
database mounted
备份当前控制文件
RMAN backup current controlfile;
Starting backup at 05-JUN-14
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=322 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
including current control file in backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 05-JUN-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 05-JUN-14
piece handle=+DATA/fengzi/backupset/2014_06_05/ncnnf0_tag20140605t140242_0.380.849448965 tag=TAG20140605T140242 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:05
Finished backup at 05-JUN-14
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 05-JUN-14
piece handle=+DATA/fengzi/autobackup/2014_06_05/s_849447979.381.849448969 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 05-JUN-14
备份数据库到 /u01/backup/目录下
RMAN backup database format '/u01/backup/2014_06_01_%U';
Starting backup at 05-JUN-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00001 name=+DATA/fengzi/datafile/system.277.842187103
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 05-JUN-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 05-JUN-14
piece handle=/u01/backup/2014_06_01_27pa3431_1_1 tag=TAG20140605T140417 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/FENGZI/datafile/o1_mf_wer_9ns1wd2n_.dbf
input datafile fno=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/yyyy12.dbf
input datafile fno=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/tt.dbf
input datafile fno=00004 name=+DATA/fengzi/datafile/users2.dbf
input datafile fno=00005 name=+DATA/fengzi/datafile/undotbs.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 05-JUN-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 05-JUN-14
piece handle=/u01/backup/2014_06_01_28pa345d_1_1 tag=TAG20140605T140417 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00003 name=+DATA/fengzi/datafile/sysaux.279.842187235
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 05-JUN-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 05-JUN-14
piece handle=/u01/backup/2014_06_01_29pa3466_1_1 tag=TAG20140605T140417 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00002 name=+DATA/fengzi/datafile/undotbs1.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 05-JUN-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 05-JUN-14
piece handle=/u01/backup/2014_06_01_2apa347j_1_1 tag=TAG20140605T140417 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:26
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00006 name=+DATA/fengzi/datafile/users1.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 05-JUN-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 05-JUN-14
piece handle=/u01/backup/2014_06_01_2bpa348d_1_1 tag=TAG20140605T140417 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished backup at 05-JUN-14
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 05-JUN-14
piece handle=+DATA/fengzi/autobackup/2014_06_05/s_849447979.382.849449239 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 05-JUN-14
RMAN
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