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如何使用storageclass实现动态pv？针对这个问题，今天小编总结这篇有关storageclass实践的文章，希望帮助更多想解决这个问题的同学找到更加简单易行的办法。
在部署nfs-client-provisioner前，我们需要先准备好nfs存储服务器并在所有node节点上安装
nfs服务器：192.168.248.139
共享存储目录：/data/nfs
nfs-client-provisioner部署文件
vim nfs-client-provisioner.yamlapiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: nfs-client-provisioner namespace: default spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: nfs-client-provisioner strategy: type: Recreate template: metadata: labels: app: nfs-client-provisioner spec: serviceAccountName: nfs-client-provisioner containers: - name: nfs-client-provisioner image: quay.azk8s.cn/external_storage/nfs-client-provisioner:latest volumeMounts: - name: timezone mountPath: /etc/localtime - name: nfs-client-root mountPath: /persistentvolumes env: - name: PROVISIONER_NAME value: fuseim.pri/ifs - name: NFS_SERVER value: 192.168.248.139 - name: NFS_PATH value: /data/nfs volumes: - name: timezone hostPath: path: /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai - name: nfs-client-root nfs: server: 192.168.248.139 path: /data/nfsStorageclass部署文件
vim nfs-client-class.yamlapiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1 kind: StorageClass metadata: name: managed-nfs-storage annotations: storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class: "true" #设置其为默认存储后端 provisioner: fuseim.pri/ifs #or choose another name, must match deployment's env PROVISIONER_NAME' parameters: archiveOnDelete: "false" #删除pvc后，后端存储上的pv也自动删除rbac授权文件
vim nfs-client-rbac.yamlkind: ServiceAccount apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: nfs-client-provisioner --- kind: ClusterRole apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata: name: nfs-client-provisioner-runner rules: - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["persistentvolumes"] verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "delete"] - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims"] verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update"] - apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"] resources: ["storageclasses"] verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"] - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["events"] verbs: ["create", "update", "patch"] --- kind: ClusterRoleBinding apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata: name: run-nfs-client-provisioner subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: nfs-client-provisioner namespace: default roleRef: kind: ClusterRole name: nfs-client-provisioner-runner apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io --- kind: Role apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata: name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner rules: - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["endpoints"] verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch"] --- kind: RoleBinding apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata: name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: nfs-client-provisioner namespace: default roleRef: kind: Role name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io准备好以上三个文件后，使用kubectl apply命令应用即可完成nfs-client-provisioner的部署。
[root@k8s-master-01 Dynamic-pv]# kubectl apply -f . storageclass.storage.k8s.io/managed-nfs-storage created deployment.apps/nfs-client-provisioner created serviceaccount/nfs-client-provisioner created clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/nfs-client-provisioner-runner created clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/run-nfs-client-provisioner created role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner created rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner created查看pod运行状态和sc
[root@k8s-master-01 Dynamic-pv]# kubectl get pod,sc NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE pod/nfs-client-provisioner-c676947d-pfpms 1/1 Running 0 107s NAME PROVISIONER AGE storageclass.storage.k8s.io/managed-nfs-storage (default) fuseim.pri/ifs 108s可以看到nfs-client-provisioner已经正常运行，sc已经创建成功。接下来我们测试创建几个pvc
vim mysql-pvc.yamlapiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolumeClaim metadata: name: mysql-01-pvc # annotations: # volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-class: "managed-nfs-storage" spec: accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany"] resources: requests: storage: 10Gi --- apiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolumeClaim metadata: name: mysql-02-pvc spec: accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany"] resources: requests: storage: 5Gi --- apiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolumeClaim metadata: name: mysql-03-pvc spec: accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany"] resources: requests: storage: 3Gi[root@k8s-master-01 Dynamic-pv]# kubectl apply -f mysql-pvc.yaml persistentvolumeclaim/mysql-01-pvc created persistentvolumeclaim/mysql-02-pvc created persistentvolumeclaim/mysql-03-pvc created [root@k8s-master-01 Dynamic-pv]# kubectl get pvc,pv NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE persistentvolumeclaim/mysql-01-pvc Bound pvc-eef853e1-f8d8-4ab9-bfd3-05c2a58fd9dc 10Gi RWX managed-nfs-storage 2m54s persistentvolumeclaim/mysql-02-pvc Bound pvc-fc0b8228-81c0-4d91-83b0-6bb20ab37cc3 5Gi RWX managed-nfs-storage 2m54s persistentvolumeclaim/mysql-03-pvc Bound pvc-c6739d7d-4930-49bd-975f-04bffc05dfd6 3Gi RWX managed-nfs-storage 2m54s NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE persistentvolume/pvc-c6739d7d-4930-49bd-975f-04bffc05dfd6 3Gi RWX Delete Bound default/mysql-03-pvc managed-nfs-storage 2m54s persistentvolume/pvc-eef853e1-f8d8-4ab9-bfd3-05c2a58fd9dc 10Gi RWX Delete Bound default/mysql-01-pvc managed-nfs-storage 2m54s persistentvolume/pvc-fc0b8228-81c0-4d91-83b0-6bb20ab37cc3 5Gi RWX Delete Bound default/mysql-02-pvc managed-nfs-storage 2m54s可以看到pvc已经创建成功，并自动创建了一个关联的pv资源对象。我们再查看后端存储目录里面是否生成了对应命名格式的pv
[root@localhost nfs]# pwd /data/nfs [root@localhost nfs]# ll total 12 drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 Feb 20 10:05 default-mysql-01-pvc-pvc-eef853e1-f8d8-4ab9-bfd3-05c2a58fd9dc drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 Feb 20 10:05 default-mysql-02-pvc-pvc-fc0b8228-81c0-4d91-83b0-6bb20ab37cc3 drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 Feb 20 10:05 default-mysql-03-pvc-pvc-c6739d7d-4930-49bd-975f-04bffc05dfd6可以看到下面有名字很长的文件夹，这个文件夹的命名方式是不是和我们上面的规则：${namespace}-${pvcName}-${pvName}是一样的，结果符合我们的预期。
接下来我们部署一个mysql应用，测试下 StorageClass 方式声明的 PVC 对象
cat mysql-config.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: ConfigMap metadata: name: mysql-config data: custom.cnf: | [mysqld] default_storage_engine=innodb skip_external_locking skip_host_cache skip_name_resolve default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_passwordcat mysql-secret.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Secret metadata: name: mysql-user-pwd data: mysql-root-pwd: cGFzc3dvcmQ=cat mysql-deploy.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: mysql spec: type: NodePort ports: - port: 3306 nodePort: 30006 protocol: TCP targetPort: 3306 selector: app: mysql --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: mysql spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: mysql strategy: type: Recreate template: metadata: labels: app: mysql spec: containers: - image: mysql name: mysql imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent env: - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD valueFrom: secretKeyRef: name: mysql-user-pwd key: mysql-root-pwd ports: - containerPort: 3306 name: mysql volumeMounts: - name: mysql-config mountPath: /etc/mysql/conf.d/ - name: mysql-persistent-storage mountPath: /var/lib/mysql - name: timezone mountPath: /etc/localtime volumes: - name: mysql-config configMap: name: mysql-config - name: timezone hostPath: path: /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai - name: mysql-persistent-storage persistentVolumeClaim: claimName: mysql-01-pvc[root@k8s-master-01 yaml]# kubectl apply -f . configmap/mysql-config created service/mysql created deployment.apps/mysql created secret/mysql-user-pwd created [root@k8s-master-01 yaml]# kubectl get pod,svc NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE pod/mysql-7c5b5df54c-vrnr8 1/1 Running 0 83s pod/nfs-client-provisioner-c676947d-pfpms 1/1 Running 0 30m NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE service/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.0.0.1可以看到mysql应用已经正常运行，我们通过任意一个node节点的ip和30006端口连接mysql数据库测试
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -h292.168.248.134 -P30006 -p Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 10 Server version: 8.0.19 MySQL Community Server - GPL Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MySQL [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec) MySQL [(none)]>可以看到mysql数据库连接正常。此时查看nfs存储，mysql数据库数据已经持久化到nfs服务器/data/nfs/default-mysql-01-pvc-pvc-eef853e1-f8d8-4ab9-bfd3-05c2a58fd9dc目录中
[root@localhost nfs]# du -sh * 177M default-mysql-01-pvc-pvc-eef853e1-f8d8-4ab9-bfd3-05c2a58fd9dc 4.0K default-mysql-02-pvc-pvc-fc0b8228-81c0-4d91-83b0-6bb20ab37cc3 4.0K default-mysql-03-pvc-pvc-c6739d7d-4930-49bd-975f-04bffc05dfd6 [root@localhost nfs]# cd default-mysql-01-pvc-pvc-eef853e1-f8d8-4ab9-bfd3-05c2a58fd9dc/ [root@localhost default-mysql-01-pvc-pvc-eef853e1-f8d8-4ab9-bfd3-05c2a58fd9dc]# ls auto.cnf binlog.index client-cert.pem ibdata1 ibtmp1 mysql.ibd public_key.pem sys binlog.000001 ca-key.pem client-key.pem ib_logfile0 #innodb_temp performance_schema server-cert.pem undo_001 binlog.000002 ca.pem ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 mysql private_key.pem server-key.pem undo_002另外我们可以看到我们这里是手动创建的一个 PVC 对象，在实际工作中，使用 StorageClass 更多的是 StatefulSet 类型的服务，StatefulSet 类型的服务我们也可以通过一个 volumeClaimTemplates 属性来直接使用 StorageClass，如下
vim web.yamlapiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: nginx labels: app: nginx spec: ports: - port: 80 name: web clusterIP: None selector: app: nginx --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: StatefulSet metadata: name: web spec: serviceName: "nginx" replicas: 8 selector: matchLabels: app: nginx template: metadata: labels: app: nginx spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent ports: - containerPort: 80 name: web volumeMounts: - name: www mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html volumeClaimTemplates: - metadata: name: www spec: accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ] resources: requests: storage: 10Gi直接创建上面的对象
[root@k8s-master-01 Dynamic-pv]# kubectl apply -f web.yaml service/nginx created statefulset.apps/web created [root@k8s-master-01 Dynamic-pv]# kubectl get pod -o wide NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES nfs-client-provisioner-c676947d-wzwhh 1/1 Running 0 41m 10.244.0.176 k8s-node-01
查看存储上的数据目录
可以看出可以自动动态的分配nfs存储卷。以上即为k8s持久化存储之storageclass实践。
以上就是使用storageclass实现动态pv的具体步骤，内容较为全面，而且我也相信有相当的一些工具可能是我们日常工作可能会见到或用到的。通过这篇文章，希望你能收获更多。
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