【总结】ApacheSentry服务简介

Sentry是一个RPC服务，将认证元数据信息存储在关系型数据库，并提供RPC接口检索和操作权限。利用Kerveros支持安全访问。Sentry Service通过后台数据库存储提供认证元数据信息，不处理真实的权限验证，当Hive,Impala等服务的配置使用Sentry权限的时候，Hive，Impala只作为Sentry的client。

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最早的Sentry是使用policy file配置权限，逐渐版本升级过程中，目前采用关系型数据库存储权限角色等。使用新的Sentry服务相比于旧的policy file能够更容易处理用户权限，新的Sentry服务提供了更传统的 GRANT/REVOKE语句修改权限。

早版本Sentry中的策略文件policy file:

[groups] 
manager = customers_insert_role, 
customers_select_role
analyst = customers_select_role 
[roles] 
customers_insert_role = server=server1->db=customers->table=*->action=insert 
customers_select_role = server=server1->db=customers->table=*->action=select

Sentry历史版本功能：

Sentry with policy files is added in CDH 5.1.0.
Sentry with config support is added in CDH 5.5.0.
Sentry with database-backed Sentry service is added with CDH 5.8.0.

Sentry中基础名词：

1.object Sentry认证规则所保护的一个对象，包括 server, database, table, URI, collection, and config

2.role 访问给定object的规则集合

3.privilege 包括insert select update等

4.user 来自于能够访问Sentry服务的一个认证系统用户，user可以是Kerberos的principal, LDAP的userid，或其他认证系统的标识

5.group 组，一个或者多个用户的集合，Sentry中将role分配给group，一个组就相应担当某个角色

6.A configured group provider determines a user’s affiliation with a group. The current release supports HDFS-backed groups and locally configured groups.

Privilege	Object
INSERT	DB, TABLE
SELECT	SERVER, DB, TABLE, COLUMN
UPDATE	COLLECTION, CONFIG
QUERY	COLLECTION, CONFIG
ALL	SERVER, TABLE, DB, URI, COLLECTION, CONFIG

Sentry权限模型：

Sentry使用基于角色权限模型，有如下特征

1、允许所有用户执行show functions，show locks等

2、允许用户看到那些有权限的tables,databases,collections，configs等

3、HiveQL执行例如LOAD，IMPORT等操作，需要用户有相应URI的权限

4、赋予一个URI某个权限，其子目录也递归赋予这个权限，所以只需将权限grant给一个父目录

5、CDH 5.5引入Column级别的访问控制，之前版本的如果要控制到列级别访问，使用View，创建一个只包含有访问权限Column的View

Tips

Hive中使用Sentry的时候，必须使用Beeline方式执行查询，Hive Cli方式不支持Sentry

Hive On Sentry中Object层级结构关系

权限能够赋予层级中的不同的object，一个权限如果赋予层级中一个object，则这个object子层级中的object继承这个权限。

比如赋予DATABASE的SELECT权限给用户A，则用户A拥有DATABASE下所有Object的SELECT权限

【总结】Apache Sentry 服务简介

权限类型和Object的对应关系

Privilege	Object
INSERT	DB, TABLE
SELECT	DB, TABLE, VIEW, COLUMN
ALL	SERVER, TABLE, DB, URI

权限层级

Base Object	Granular privileges on object	Container object that contains the base object	Privileges on container object that implies privileges on the base object
DATABASE	ALL	SERVER	ALL
TABLE	INSERT	DATABASE	ALL
TABLE	SELECT	DATABASE	ALL
COLUMN	SELECT	DATABASE	ALL
VIEW	SELECT	DATABASE	ALL

Hive&Impala操作权限表

Operation

Scope

Privileges Required

URI

CREATE DATABASE

SERVER

ALL

DROP DATABASE

DATABASE

ALL

CREATE TABLE

DATABASE

ALL

DROP TABLE

TABLE

ALL

CREATE VIEW-This operation is allowed if you have column-level SELECTaccess to the columns being used.

DATABASE; SELECT on TABLE;

ALL

ALTER VIEW-This operation is allowed if you have column-level SELECTaccess to the columns being used.

VIEW/TABLE

ALL

DROP VIEW

VIEW/TABLE

ALL

ALTER TABLE .. ADD COLUMNS

TABLE

ALL

ALTER TABLE .. REPLACE COLUMNS

TABLE

ALL

ALTER TABLE .. CHANGE column

TABLE

ALL

ALTER TABLE .. RENAME

TABLE

ALL

ALTER TABLE .. SET TBLPROPERTIES

TABLE

ALL

ALTER TABLE .. SET FILEFORMAT

TABLE

ALL

ALTER TABLE .. SET LOCATION

TABLE

ALL

URI

ALTER TABLE .. ADD PARTITION

TABLE

ALL

ALTER TABLE .. ADD PARTITION location

TABLE

ALL

URI

ALTER TABLE .. DROP PARTITION

TABLE

ALL

ALTER TABLE .. PARTITION SET FILEFORMAT

TABLE

ALL

SHOW CREATE TABLE

TABLE

SELECT/INSERT

SHOW PARTITIONS

TABLE

SELECT/INSERT

SHOW TABLES-Output includes all the tables for which the user has table-level privileges and all the tables for which the user has some column-level privileges.

TABLE

SELECT/INSERT

SHOW GRANT ROLE-Output includes an additional field for any column-level privileges.

TABLE

SELECT/INSERT

DESCRIBE TABLE-Output shows all columns if the user has table level-privileges or SELECT privilege on at least one table column

TABLE

SELECT/INSERT

LOAD DATA

TABLE

INSERT

URI

SELECT-You can grant the SELECT privilege on a view to give users access to specific columns of a table they do not otherwise have access to.
-See Column-level Authorization for details on allowed column-level operations.

VIEW/TABLE; COLUMN

SELECT

INSERT OVERWRITE TABLE

TABLE

INSERT

CREATE TABLE .. AS SELECT-This operation is allowed if you have column-level SELECTaccess to the columns being used.

DATABASE; SELECT on TABLE

ALL

USE

Any

CREATE FUNCTION

SERVER

ALL

ALTER TABLE .. SET SERDEPROPERTIES

TABLE

ALL

ALTER TABLE .. PARTITION SET SERDEPROPERTIES

TABLE

ALL

Hive-Only Operations

INSERT OVERWRITE DIRECTORY

TABLE

INSERT

URI

Analyze TABLE

TABLE

SELECT + INSERT

IMPORT TABLE

DATABASE

ALL

URI

EXPORT TABLE

TABLE

SELECT

URI

ALTER TABLE TOUCH

TABLE

ALL

ALTER TABLE TOUCH PARTITION

TABLE

ALL

ALTER TABLE .. CLUSTERED BY SORTED BY

TABLE

ALL

ALTER TABLE .. ENABLE/DISABLE

TABLE

ALL

ALTER TABLE .. PARTITION ENABLE/DISABLE

TABLE

ALL

ALTER TABLE .. PARTITION.. RENAME TO PARTITION

TABLE

ALL

MSCK REPAIR TABLE

TABLE

ALL

ALTER DATABASE

DATABASE

ALL

DESCRIBE DATABASE

DATABASE

SELECT/INSERT

SHOW COLUMNS-Output for this operation filters columns to which the user does not have explicit SELECT access

TABLE

SELECT/INSERT

CREATE INDEX

TABLE

ALL

DROP INDEX

TABLE

ALL

SHOW INDEXES

TABLE

SELECT/INSERT

GRANT PRIVILEGE

Allowed only for Sentry admin users

REVOKE PRIVILEGE

Allowed only for Sentry admin users

SHOW GRANT

Allowed only for Sentry admin users

SHOW TBLPROPERTIES

TABLE

SELECT/INSERT

DESCRIBE TABLE .. PARTITION

TABLE

SELECT/INSERT

ADD JAR

Not Allowed

ADD FILE

Not Allowed

DFS

Not Allowed

Impala-Only Operations

EXPLAIN

TABLE; COLUMN

SELECT

INVALIDATE METADATA

SERVER

ALL

INVALIDATE METADATA

TABLE

SELECT/INSERT

REFRESH or REFRESH

PARTITION ()

TABLE	SELECT/INSERT
DROP FUNCTION	SERVER	ALL
COMPUTE STATS	TABLE	ALL

通过HUE管理Sentry:http://10120275.blog.51cto.com/10110275/1956777

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