环境说明：
主库:192.168.0.1
从库1:192.168.0.2
从库2:192.168.0.3
备份工具 : Percona xtrabackup version 2.4.8 based on MySQL server 5.7.13 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 97330f7)
在主库上创建chenfeng库:
mysql> create database chenfeng;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.08 sec)
mysql> use chenfeng
Database changed
mysql> create table duansf(id int (11),name varchar(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)
mysql> insert into duansf values(1,'duansf');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into duansf values(2,'duansf');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
只备份chenfeng库的duansf表:
[root@localhost backup]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --password=dsf0723 -S /tmp/mysql.sock --slave-info --safe-slave-backup --include=chenfeng.duansf /data/backup
171015 20:33:07 innobackupex: Starting the backup operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
171015 20:33:08 version_check Connecting to MySQL server with DSN 'dbi:mysql:;mysql_read_default_group=xtrabackup;mysql_socket=/tmp/mysql.sock' as 'root' (using password: YES).
171015 20:33:08 version_check Connected to MySQL server
171015 20:33:08 version_check Executing a version check against the server...
171015 20:33:08 version_check Done.
171015 20:33:08 Connecting to MySQL server host: localhost, user: root, password: set, port: not set, socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
Using server version 5.7.18-log
innobackupex version 2.4.8 based on MySQL server 5.7.13 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 97330f7)
xtrabackup: uses posix_fadvise().
xtrabackup: cd to /usr/local/mysql/data
xtrabackup: open files limit requested 0, set to 1024
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration:
xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = .
xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./
xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 50331648
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
171015 20:33:08 >> log scanned up to (233975916)
xtrabackup: Generating a list of tablespaces
InnoDB: Allocated tablespace ID 79 for chenfeng/duansf, old maximum was 0
171015 20:33:09 [01] Copying ./ibdata1 to /data/backup/2017-10-15_20-33-07/ibdata1
171015 20:33:09 [01] ...done
171015 20:33:09 [01] Copying ./chenfeng/duansf.ibd to /data/backup/2017-10-15_20-33-07/chenfeng/duansf.ibd
171015 20:33:09 [01] ...done
171015 20:33:09 >> log scanned up to (233975916)
171015 20:33:10 Slave open temp tables: 0
171015 20:33:10 Slave is safe to backup
171015 20:33:10 Executing FLUSH NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG TABLES...
171015 20:33:10 Executing FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK...
171015 20:33:10 Starting to backup non-InnoDB tables and files
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./ibdata1.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./ib_logfile1.
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171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/metrics.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/memory_global_total.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/host_summary_by_stages.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/x@0024memory_global_total.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/session.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/x@0024schema_table_statistics_with_buffer.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/x@0024statements_with_errors_or_warnings.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/schema_tables_with_full_table_scans.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/schema_unused_indexes.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/x@0024schema_tables_with_full_table_scans.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/x@0024host_summary_by_stages.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/x@0024statements_with_full_table_scans.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/x@0024ps_digest_avg_latency_distribution.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/x@0024ps_digest_95th_percentile_by_avg_us.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/statements_with_runtimes_in_95th_percentile.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/x@0024statements_with_runtimes_in_95th_percentile.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/x@0024statements_with_temp_tables.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/x@0024user_summary_by_file_io_type.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/x@0024user_summary_by_statement_type.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/user_summary_by_statement_latency.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/x@0024user_summary_by_statement_latency.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/x@0024host_summary_by_file_io_type.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/x@0024host_summary_by_statement_type.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/host_summary_by_statement_latency.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/x@0024host_summary_by_statement_latency.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/wait_classes_global_by_avg_latency.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/x@0024wait_classes_global_by_avg_latency.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/wait_classes_global_by_latency.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/x@0024wait_classes_global_by_latency.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/x@0024waits_by_user_by_latency.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/x@0024waits_by_host_by_latency.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/x@0024waits_global_by_latency.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/x@0024processlist.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/x@0024session.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./sys/session_ssl_status.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./.rnd.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./ca-key.pem.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./ca-req.pem.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./ca.pem.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./server-key.pem.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./server-req.pem.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./server-cert.pem.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./client-key.pem.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./client-req.pem.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./client-cert.pem.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./mysql-bin.000004.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./mysql-bin.000006.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./mysql-bin.000007.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./localhost-relay-bin.000018.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./localhost-relay-bin.index.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./mysql-bin.000001.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./test/db.opt.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./test/test.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./test/test.ibd.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./test/chenfeng.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./test/chenfeng.ibd.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./test/dsf.frm.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./test/dsf.ibd.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./ibtmp1.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./mysql-bin.000008.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./localhost.localdomain.pid.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./localhost-relay-bin.000017.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./mysql-bin.000002.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./auto.cnf.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./master.info.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./relay-log.info.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./mysql-bin.000003.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./mysql-bin.000005.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./chenfeng/db.opt.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Copying ./chenfeng/duansf.frm to /data/backup/2017-10-15_20-33-07/chenfeng/duansf.frm
171015 20:33:10 [01] ...done
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./ib_buffer_pool.
171015 20:33:10 [01] Skipping ./mysql-bin.index.
171015 20:33:10 Finished backing up non-InnoDB tables and files
171015 20:33:10 [00] Writing /data/backup/2017-10-15_20-33-07/xtrabackup_slave_info
171015 20:33:10 [00] ...done
171015 20:33:10 [00] Writing /data/backup/2017-10-15_20-33-07/xtrabackup_binlog_info
171015 20:33:10 [00] ...done
171015 20:33:10 Executing FLUSH NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG ENGINE LOGS...
xtrabackup: The latest check point (for incremental): '233975907'
xtrabackup: Stopping log copying thread.
.171015 20:33:10 >> log scanned up to (233975916)
171015 20:33:10 Executing UNLOCK TABLES
171015 20:33:10 All tables unlocked
Starting slave SQL thread
171015 20:33:10 [00] Copying ib_buffer_pool to /data/backup/2017-10-15_20-33-07/ib_buffer_pool
171015 20:33:10 [00] ...done
171015 20:33:10 Backup created in directory '/data/backup/2017-10-15_20-33-07/'
MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000008', position '154'
MySQL slave binlog position:
m
171015 20:33:10 [00] Writing /data/backup/2017-10-15_20-33-07/backup-my.cnf
171015 20:33:10 [00] ...done
171015 20:33:10 [00] Writing /data/backup/2017-10-15_20-33-07/xtrabackup_info
171015 20:33:10 [00] ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (233975907) to (233975916) was copied.
171015 20:33:10 completed OK!
[root@localhost backup]#
innobackup部分参数解释:
--slave-info会将master的binary log文件名和偏移量保存到xtrabackup_slave_info文件中
--slave-info,备份从库, 加上 --slave-info 备份目录下会多生成一个 xtrabackup_slave_info 文件,
这里会保存主日志文件以及偏移, 文件内容类似于:
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000006', MASTER_LOG_POS=826270;
--safe-slave-backup会暂停slave的sql线程，待备份结束后再启动
--include=REGEXP
对xtrabackup参数--tables的封装，也支持ibbackup。备份包含的库表，例如：--include="test.*"，意思是要备份test库中所有的表。
如果需要全备份，则省略这个参数；如果需要备份test库下的2个表：test1和test2,则写成：--include="test.test1|test.test2"。也可以使用通配符，如：--include="test.test*"。
本例中只备份chenfeng库下的duansf表，可以这么写--include=chenfeng.duansf
由于只备份了chenfeng库的duansf表，所以我们在生成的时间目录里2017-10-15_20-33-07只看到了chenfeng文件夹.
[root@localhost 2017-10-15_20-33-07]# ll /data/backup
总用量 12316
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 424 10月 15 20:33 backup-my.cnf
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 593 10月 15 20:33 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 12582912 10月 15 20:33 ibdata1
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 42 10月 15 20:33 chenfeng
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 21 10月 15 20:33 xtrabackup_binlog_info
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 117 10月 15 20:33 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 573 10月 15 20:33 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 2560 10月 15 20:33 xtrabackup_logfile
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 76 10月 15 20:33 xtrabackup_slave_info
[root@localhost 2017-10-15_20-33-07]# cd chenfeng
[root@localhost chenfeng]# ll
总用量 108
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 8586 10月 15 20:33 duansf.frm
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 98304 10月 15 20:33 duansf.ibd
把chenfeng目录打包放到/data/backup/bak目录下:
[root@localhost 2017-10-15_20-33-07]# tar czvf chenfeng.tar.gz chenfeng
[root@localhost 2017-10-15_20-33-07]# mv chenfeng.tar.gz /data/backup/bak/
解压缩做恢复用:
恢复数据的时候，要经过prepare（recovery）和restore两个步骤，
prepare导出表步骤:
[root@localhost backup]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root --password=dsf0723 -S /tmp/mysql.sock --apply-log --export /data/backup/2017-10-15_20-33-07
171015 20:49:32 innobackupex: Starting the apply-log operation
IMPORTANT: Please check that the apply-log run completes successfully.
At the end of a successful apply-log run innobackupex
prints "completed OK!".
innobackupex version 2.4.8 based on MySQL server 5.7.13 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 97330f7)
xtrabackup: auto-enabling --innodb-file-per-table due to the --export option
xtrabackup: cd to /data/backup/2017-10-15_20-33-07/
xtrabackup: This target seems to be not prepared yet.
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
xtrabackup: xtrabackup_logfile detected: size=8388608, start_lsn=(233975907)
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = .
xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = .
xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 1
xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 8388608
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = .
xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = .
xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 1
xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 8388608
xtrabackup: Starting InnoDB instance for recovery.
xtrabackup: Using 104857600 bytes for buffer pool (set by --use-memory parameter)
InnoDB: PUNCH HOLE support available
InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
InnoDB: Uses event mutexes
InnoDB: GCC builtin __atomic_thread_fence() is used for memory barrier
InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.7
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, total size = 100M, instances = 1, chunk size = 100M
InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
InnoDB: page_cleaner coordinator priority: -20
InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
InnoDB: Log scan progressed past the checkpoint lsn 233975907
InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 233975916 (0%)
InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 233975916 (0%)
InnoDB: Database was not shutdown normally!
InnoDB: Starting crash recovery.
InnoDB: xtrabackup: Last MySQL binlog file position 68420531, file name mysql-bin.000002
InnoDB: Creating shared tablespace for temporary tables
InnoDB: Setting file './ibtmp1' size to 12 MB. Physically writing the file full; Please wait ...
InnoDB: File './ibtmp1' size is now 12 MB.
InnoDB: 96 redo rollback segment(s) found. 1 redo rollback segment(s) are active.
InnoDB: 32 non-redo rollback segment(s) are active.
InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
InnoDB: Failed to find tablespace for table `mysql`.`innodb_index_stats` in the cache. Attempting to load the tablespace with space id 56
InnoDB: Operating system error number 2 in a file operation.
InnoDB: The error means the system cannot find the path specified.
InnoDB: Cannot open datafile for read-only: './mysql/innodb_index_stats.ibd' OS error: 71
InnoDB: Operating system error number 2 in a file operation.
InnoDB: The error means the system cannot find the path specified.
InnoDB: 5.7.13 started; log sequence number 233975916
xtrabackup: export option is specified.
InnoDB: Could not find a valid tablespace file for `mysql/innodb_index_stats`. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-troubleshooting-datadict.html for how to resolve the issue.
InnoDB: Failed to find tablespace for table `mysql`.`innodb_table_stats` in the cache. Attempting to load the tablespace with space id 57
InnoDB: Operating system error number 2 in a file operation.
InnoDB: The error means the system cannot find the path specified.
InnoDB: Cannot open datafile for read-only: './mysql/innodb_table_stats.ibd' OS error: 71
InnoDB: Operating system error number 2 in a file operation.
InnoDB: The error means the system cannot find the path specified.
InnoDB: Could not find a valid tablespace file for `mysql/innodb_table_stats`. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-troubleshooting-datadict.html for how to resolve the issue.
xtrabackup: export metadata of table 'chenfeng/duansf' to file `./chenfeng/duansf.exp` (1 indexes)
xtrabackup: name=GEN_CLUST_INDEX, id.low=91, page=3
InnoDB: xtrabackup: Last MySQL binlog file position 68420531, file name mysql-bin.000002
xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 0
InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 233975935
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
xtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration for recovery:
xtrabackup: innodb_data_home_dir = .
xtrabackup: innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
xtrabackup: innodb_log_group_home_dir = .
xtrabackup: innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
xtrabackup: innodb_log_file_size = 50331648
InnoDB: PUNCH HOLE support available
InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
InnoDB: Uses event mutexes
InnoDB: GCC builtin __atomic_thread_fence() is used for memory barrier
InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.7
InnoDB: Number of pools: 1
InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions
InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, total size = 100M, instances = 1, chunk size = 100M
InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
InnoDB: page_cleaner coordinator priority: -20
InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB
InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB
InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0
InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=233975935
InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.
InnoDB: Log scan progressed past the checkpoint lsn 233976332
InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 233976341 (0%)
InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 233976341 (0%)
InnoDB: Database was not shutdown normally!
InnoDB: Starting crash recovery.
InnoDB: xtrabackup: Last MySQL binlog file position 68420531, file name mysql-bin.000002
InnoDB: Removed temporary tablespace data file: "ibtmp1"
InnoDB: Creating shared tablespace for temporary tables
InnoDB: Setting file './ibtmp1' size to 12 MB. Physically writing the file full; Please wait ...
InnoDB: File './ibtmp1' size is now 12 MB.
InnoDB: 96 redo rollback segment(s) found. 1 redo rollback segment(s) are active.
InnoDB: 32 non-redo rollback segment(s) are active.
InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start
InnoDB: Failed to find tablespace for table `mysql`.`innodb_index_stats` in the cache. Attempting to load the tablespace with space id 56
InnoDB: Operating system error number 2 in a file operation.
InnoDB: The error means the system cannot find the path specified.
InnoDB: Cannot open datafile for read-only: './mysql/innodb_index_stats.ibd' OS error: 71
InnoDB: Operating system error number 2 in a file operation.
InnoDB: The error means the system cannot find the path specified.
InnoDB: Could not find a valid tablespace file for `mysql/innodb_index_stats`. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-troubleshooting-datadict.html for how to resolve the issue.
InnoDB: Failed to find tablespace for table `mysql`.`innodb_table_stats` in the cache. Attempting to load the tablespace with space id 57
InnoDB: Operating system error number 2 in a file operation.
InnoDB: The error means the system cannot find the path specified.
InnoDB: Cannot open datafile for read-only: './mysql/innodb_table_stats.ibd' OS error: 71
InnoDB: Operating system error number 2 in a file operation.
InnoDB: The error means the system cannot find the path specified.
InnoDB: Could not find a valid tablespace file for `mysql/innodb_table_stats`. Please refer to http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-troubleshooting-datadict.html for how to resolve the issue.
InnoDB: 5.7.13 started; log sequence number 233976341
xtrabackup: starting shutdown with innodb_fast_shutdown = 0
InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.
InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 233976360
171015 20:49:37 completed OK!
[root@localhost backup]#
在从库2上删除duansf表:
mysql> use chenfeng
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_chenfeng |
+-----------------+
| duansf |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_chenfeng |
+-----------------+
| duansf |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from duansf;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.06 sec)
mysql> select * from duansf;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
从xtrabackup备份里恢复出duansf表数据:
删除表：
mysql> drop table duansf;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
重建表结构:
mysql> CREATE TABLE `duansf` (
-> `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
-> `name` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL
-> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
卸载表空间:
mysql> ALTER TABLE chenfeng.duansf DISCARD TABLESPACE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
从备份里恢复:
[root@localhost chenfeng]# cp /data/backup/2017-10-15_20-33-07/chenfeng/{duansf.ibd,duansf.cfg,duansf.frm} /usr/local/mysql/data/chenfeng
[root@localhost chenfeng]# ll
总用量 116
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 65 10月 15 19:00 db.opt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 426 10月 15 21:13 duansf.cfg
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 8586 10月 15 21:06 duansf.frm
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 98304 10月 15 21:13 duansf.ibd
root@localhost data]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/data/chenfeng
装载表空间：
mysql> ALTER TABLE chenfeng.duansf import TABLESPACE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.20 sec)
查看duansf表数据:
mysql> select * from duansf;
+------+--------+
| id | name |
+------+--------+
| 1 | duansf |
| 2 | duansf |
+------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
数据已恢复.
文章名称：如何用PerconaXtraBackup进行MySQL从库的单表备份和恢复
本文来源：
http://cdweb.net/article/gggios.html
