13518219792
建站服务器
小编给大家分享一下linux下安装oracle 11g数据库的方法，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后大所收获，下面让我们一起去探讨吧！
linux下命令行安装oracle 11g数据库
1、准备：本次安装的基本环境：vmware中安装centos6.10（虚拟机安装这里就不做介绍了）
虚拟机要求：内存推荐2G以上
需要下载Linux版本下对应的oracle安装包：
下载地址：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html
对应的oracle版本：
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
课程
2、机器基础配置修改（1）设置系统：Oracle只支持操作系统Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6，故需将/etc/redhat-release中的内容改成Red Hat
[root@Oracle ~]# vi /etc/redhat-release #CentOS release 6.10 (Final) Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
（2）机器信息关闭，selinux，防火墙的不必要的服务
[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config //selinux关闭（disabled） # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. SELINUX=disabled # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values: # targeted - Targeted processes are protected, # mls - Multi Level Security protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted [root@Oracle ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop //防火墙关闭 [root@Oracle ~]# vi /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.152.130 Oracle //新增行：IP 机器名（这是我的ip和主机名）
（3）修改用户的限制文件
[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf //在该文件内添加以下内容 oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240
（4）修改内核参数
[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf //在文件中添加以下内容 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 10523004 kernel.shmmax = 6465333657 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100128 net.core.rmem_default=262144 net.core.wmem_default=262144 net.core.rmem_max=4194304 net.core.wmem_max=1048576 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 [root@Oracle ~]# sysctl –p // 执行这条语句使配置生效
（5）依赖包安装
[root@Oracle ~]# yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc*.i686 glibc glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libgcc*.i686 libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.i686 libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686 libXp3、建立用户、组，安装目录
（1）建立用户、组
[root@Oracle ~]# groupadd oinstall [root@Oracle ~]# groupadd dba [root@Oracle ~]# groupadd oper [root@Oracle ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle [root@Oracle ~]# echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle [root@Oracle ~]# id oracle //查看用户所属组 uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),503(oper)
（2）新建安装目录
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app [root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle [root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product [root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0 [root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 [root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /home/oracle/backup [root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /home/oracle/oraInventory [root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /var/app [root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/backup [root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oraInventory [root@Oracle ~]# chmod -R 775 /var/app
（3）设置并刷新环境变量
[root@Oracle ~]# cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile //给该文件添加以下内容 umask 022 export ORACLE_BASE=/var/app export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 export ORACLE_SID=ora11g export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib [root@Oracle ~]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile //执行该句使配置生效4、安装Oracle
（1）拷贝Oracle安装文件到指定目录
[root@Oracle ~]# cp linux.x64_11gR2_database_*.zip /var/app/oracle/
（2）切换到oracle用户，解压安装包
[root@Oracle ~]# su - oracle [oracle@Oracle ~]$ cd /var/app/oracle/ [oracle@Oracle oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip [oracle@Oracle oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
解压后得到database目录，其中response目录里面有三个rsp文件，用来作为静默安装时应答文件的模板。分别为：
[oracle@Oracle response]$ ls -l total 76 -rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 44960 Aug 8 17:10 dbca.rsp //安装应答 -rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 22752 Aug 8 14:23 db_install.rsp //创建数据库应答 -rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall 5740 Feb 26 2009 netca.rsp //建立监听，本地服务名等网络设置
（5）修改配置文件，安装Oracle数据库
[oracle@Oracle database]$ cp /var/app/oracle/database/response/ /home/oracle/ //备份
（6）修改后的静默安装配置文件db_install.rsp内容如下：
[root@db response]# cat db_install.rsp | grep -v '^#' | grep -v '^$' oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0 oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY ORACLE_HOSTNAME=db UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/var/app/oracle/oraInventory SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN ORACLE_HOME=/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 ORACLE_BASE=/var/app/oracle oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0 oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=ora11g oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=ora11g oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1500 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation= oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup= oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword= MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME= MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD= SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT= DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true PROXY_HOST= PROXY_PORT= PROXY_USER= PROXY_PWD=
（7）开始静默安装
[oracle@Oracle database]$ cd /var/app/oracle/database [oracle@Oracle database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /var/app/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp
（8）查看安装进度
[oracle@Oracle database]$ cd /var/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs [oracle@Oracle logs]$ tail -f installActions*log
（9）当出现以下信息时
var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh To execute the configuration scripts: 1. Open a terminal window 2. Log in as "root" 3. Run the scripts 4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue Successfully Setup Software.
打开新的客户端使用root身份执行以下脚本
[root@Oracle ~]# var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh [root@Oracle ~]# var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
（10）执行完上面的脚本后回到安装界面按下Enter继续。
5、配置Oracle监听（1）运行监听文件
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ cd /var/app/oracle/database/response [oracle@Oracle response]$ netca /silent /responsefile /var/app/oracle/database/response/netca.rsp
运行成功之后，在/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin目录下会生成sqlnet.ora和listener.ora两个文件
[oracle@Oracle admin]$ ls listener.ora samples shrept.lst sqlnet.ora tnsnames.ora
执行以下命令查看监听器是否已经在1521端口上开始工作了
[root@Oracle ~]# netstat -tlnp | grep 1521 tcp 0 0 :::1521 :::* LISTEN 1792/tnslsnr
如果监听没有启动，则手动启动监听器
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ lsnrctl start
（2）配置Oracle数据库
[oracle@Oracle response]$ pwd /var/app/oracle/database/response [oracle@Oracle response]$ vi dbca.rsp GDBNAME = "orcl11.us.oracle.com" //78 行 全局数据库的名字=SID+主机域名 SID="ora11g" //149行 SID SYSPASSWORD = "oracle" //190行 SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle" //200行 CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8" //415行 编码 NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8" //425行 编码
（3）创建数据库
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /var/app/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp6、启动数据库
进入Oracle SQL命令行
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL> startup ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initora11g.ora'
启动时会出现以上错误，解决方法如下：找到init.ora.78201817526文件，将其复制到/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs目录下
[oracle@Oracle admin]$ locate init.ora //定位寻找目标文件 /var/app/admin/orcl11g/pfile/init.ora.78201817526 //目标文件 /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/init.ora /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/srvm/admin/init.ora [oracle@Oracle admin]$ cd /var/app/admin/orcl11g/pfile/ [oracle@Oracle pfile]$ ls init.ora.78201817526 [oracle@Oracle pfile]$ cp init.ora.78201817526 /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/ [oracle@Oracle dbs]$ mv init.ora.78201817526 initora11g.ora //将目标文件改成所需文件名
进入到Oracle SQL命令行中，执行startup
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Aug 10 01:59:43 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> startup //启动数据库实例 ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 839282688 bytes Fixed Size 2217992 bytes Variable Size 494929912 bytes Database Buffers 339738624 bytes Redo Buffers 2396160 bytes Database mounted. Database opened.
看完了这篇文章，相信你对linux下安装oracle 11g数据库的方法有了一定的了解，想了解更多相关知识，欢迎关注创新互联行业资讯频道，感谢各位的阅读！
